In 1981, the Rajneesh movement's efforts refocused on activities in the United States and Rajneesh relocated to a facility known as Rajneeshpuram in Wasco County, Oregon. By the late 1970s, the tension between the ruling Janata Party government of Morarji Desai and the movement led to a curbing of the ashram's development and a back taxes claim estimated at $5 million. In 1974 Rajneesh relocated to Pune, where an ashram was established and a variety of therapies, incorporating methods first developed by the Human Potential Movement, were offered to a growing Western following. During this period he expanded his spiritual teachings and commented extensively in discourses on the writings of religious traditions, mystics, and philosophers from around the world. In 1970, Rajneesh spent time in Mumbai initiating followers known as 'neo-sannyasins'.

In advocating a more open attitude to human sexuality he caused controversy in India during the late 1960s and became known as 'the sex guru'. Rajneesh emphasized the importance of meditation, mindfulness, love, celebration, courage, creativity and humor-qualities that he viewed as being suppressed by adherence to static belief systems, religious tradition and socialization.

In the 1960s he traveled throughout India as a public speaker and was a vocal critic of socialism, Mahatma Gandhi, and Hindu religious orthodoxy. During his lifetime he was viewed as a controversial new religious movement leader and mystic.

Rajneesh (born Chandra Mohan Jain, 11 December 1931 – 19 January 1990) and latter rebranded as Osho was leader of the Rajneesh movement.

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